© 2006 European Society of Cardiology
Impact of obesity on quality of life and depression in patients with heart failure
a School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton, Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6918, United States
b School of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
c School of Nursing, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States
d School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
e School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 310 825 8609; fax: +1 310 794 7402. E-mail address: levangel{at}ucla.edu (L.S.Evangelista).
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Abstract |
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Background: The effect of obesity on health related quality of life (HRQOL) and depression in a number of disease states is well documented, but its impact in heart failure (HF) patients remains speculative. We therefore examined the relationship between obesity, HRQOL, and depression in 358 patients with HF.
Methods and results: Comparative analyses were conducted to determine if body mass index (BMI) was associated with HRQOL and depression in three groups of patients with HF—normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, n=100), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2, n=141), and obese (BMI 
kg/m2, n=117). Obese patients were younger than normal and overweight participants; all other demographic and clinical characteristics were similar. HRQOL and depression scores were significantly higher (worse) for obese patients. Body mass index was significantly correlated with all 3 scales of HRQOL (overall, r2=.160; physical, r2=.162; and mental, r2=.217) as well as with depression (r2=.166).
Conclusion: Obese patients with HF are more likely to have poorer HRQOL, physical health, emotional well-being and depressive symptoms. Poorer HRQOL is predictive of worse outcomes in patients with HF; however, given the apparent obesity paradox in HF, further investigation of the impact of obesity in HF is urgently required.
Key Words: Heart failure • Obesity • Health-related quality of life • Depression
Received October 20, 2005; Revised December 29, 2005; Accepted February 6, 2006
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