© 2005 European Society of Cardiology
Epidemiology of heart failure in a community-based study of subjects aged 
57 years: Incidence and long-term survival
a Northern Centre for Healthcare Research, Department of Public Health and Health Psychology, University Medical Centre Groningen PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
b Health Care Studies, Section of Medical Sociology, Maastricht University PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
c Behavioral Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, USA
d Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 50 3633208; fax: +31 50 3632406. E-mail address: evanjaarsveld{at}gmail.com
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Abstract |
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Background: Survival data from hospital-based or clinical trial studies of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) do not represent survival in community-based settings.
Aims: To determine the incidence of CHF and the associated long-term survival in a community-based sample aged 
57 years and to assess the mortality risk associated with sex and age.
Methods: This study was part of the Groningen Longitudinal Aging Study.
Results: Annual incidence of CHF per 1000 ranged from 2.5 in middle aged adults (57–60 years) up to 22.4 in older females (80 years) and 28.2 in older males (80 years). The 1, 2, 5 and 7-year survival rates were 74%, 65%, 45%, 32% for patients with CHF, compared to 97%, 94%, 80% and 70% in a matched reference group without CHF. Higher age (76 years) was a risk factor for mortality (OR=2.1) and male sex was a risk factor in those aged 
75 years (OR=1.9) but not for older patients.
Conclusion: Long-term survival rates for patients with CHF in the community were worse than the known survival rates from clinical trials. There is a need for studies describing the care of patients with CHF in the community, including the type of care, the provider, the quality of care and the outcome.
Key Words: Heart failure • Survival • Incidence • Epidemiology • Elderly • Sex
Received July 26, 2004; Accepted April 27, 2005
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