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European Journal of Heart Failure 2008 10(6):608-613; doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.04.011
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© 2008 European Society of Cardiology

Thoughts about death and perceived health status in elderly patients with heart failure

Anna Strömberga,b,* and Tiny Jaarsmac

a Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Linköping University Sweden
b Department of Cardiology, Linköping University Hospital Sweden
c Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen The Netherlands

* Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden. Tel.: +46 13 227762; fax: +46 13 222224. E-mail address: annst{at}imv.liu.se


  Abstract

Aim: To explore thoughts about death and perceived health status in elderly patients with heart failure during a 6month period after a deterioration needing hospitalisation.

Methods: A descriptive, mixed methods design was used. Health was measured with EuroQol-5D, thoughts about death with multiple choice and open questions. A total of 145 patients with New York Heart Association class II–IV heart failure, mean age 70 years, 70% males, were included.

Results: During deterioration, 16% of the patients were afraid of dying and 4% had this fear very often. Fear of death did not change significantly during the 6 months after deterioration. Both during deterioration (r=0.26, P<0.01) and 6months later (r=0.40, P<0.001), fear of death and anxiety/depression were correlated. Content analysis of the open question produced 5 categories: (1) Death as a natural part of life; (2) Death as a relief from symptoms and disability (3) Death as fearful (4) Arrangements for time after death (5) A wish for an extended life.

Conclusion: Elderly patients with heart failure had a lot of thoughts about death. Higher levels of anxiety/depression were correlated to fear of death. Many expressed death as a natural relief from suffering, others were afraid of pain, loss of independence and dignity.

Key Words: Heart failure • Mixed method • Quality of life • Prognosis • Anxiety • Palliative care

Received July 31, 2007; Revised April 2, 2008; Accepted April 24, 2008


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