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European Journal of Heart Failure 2008 10(4):331-333; doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.02.017
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© 2008 European Society of Cardiology

When, how and where should we "coach" patients with heart failure: The COACH results in perspective

Tiny Jaarsma and Dirk J. van Veldhuisen*

Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen The Netherlands

* Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 50 3612355; fax: +31 50 3614391. E-mail address: d.j.van.veldhuisen@thorax.umcg.nl (D.J. van Veldhuisen).

Received February 18, 2008; Accepted February 27, 2008

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.


   1. Introduction
 
Heart failure (HF) is a major medical and epidemiological problem, and over the last 20 years a large number of studies have examined the value and place of several forms of disease management programmes for patients with heart failure [1]. These programmes have varied significantly in terms of how early in the disease process HF patients would need counselling and coaching (when), which forms and "dose" of counselling would be required and necessary (how), and lastly, in which setting such interventions should take place, i.e. in hospital or possibly outside the hospital (where). Despite these differences, many of these studies reported positive effects and as a result, disease management programmes are recommended in international HF guidelines, both in Europe and in the United States [2,3]. However, many of the studies were relatively small, and it . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   2. Results from COACH
 

   3. Interpretation of the COACH data
 
3.1. How can these findings be explained?

   4. Future implications
 

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