© 2005 European Society of Cardiology
Desmin accumulation restrictive cardiomyopathy and atrioventricular block associated with desmin gene defects
a Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy
b Cardiology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy
c Cardiac Surgery, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy
d Neurology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto San Raffaele Milano, Italy
e Neuropathology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Italy
f Neurology, I.R.C.C.S. Casimiro Mondino Pavia, Italy
* Corresponding author. Diagnostica Molecolare, Area Trapiantologica, Viale Forlanini 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy. Tel.: +39 0382 503829; fax: +39 0382 525866. Email address: e.arbustini{at}smatteo.pv.it
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Abstract |
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Background: Primary desminopathies are caused by desmin gene [DES (MIM*125660)] mutations. The clinical spectrum includes pure myopathies, cardiomuscular diseases and cardiomyopathies. Patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) plus atrioventricular block (AVB) due to DES defects are frequently unrecognized unless desmin accumulation is specifically investigated in endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) by ultrastructural study.
Aims: To describe a cardiological phenotype characterized by RCM plus AVB due to desmin accumulation caused by DES defects.
Methods and results: Desmin accumulation was diagnosed by means of ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of EMB in four unrelated probands with RCM and AVB. Candidate genes [DES and 
B-crystallin (CRYAB)] were screened using sequence analysis. Four DES gene mutations were identified: three new (R16C, T453I and a 10 bp deletion at the exon—intron boundary of exon 3 disrupting the donor splice site) and one known (R406W). The disease was autosomal dominant in two families, recessive in one and associated with a de novo mutation in one. The mutations cosegregated with phenotype in all patients. CRYAB gene screening was negative.
Conclusions: A cardiac phenotype characterized by RCM and AVB caused by desmin accumulation is associated with DES mutations. Although the mutations affected different domains, the cardiac phenotype was identical.
Key Words: Desmin • Restrictive cardiomyopathy • Atrioventricular block
Received July 23, 2005; Accepted November 3, 2005
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