Both in- and out-hospital worsening of renal function predict outcome in patients with heart failure: results from the Coordinating Study Evaluating Outcome of Advising and Counseling in Heart Failure (COACH)
1 Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
2 Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
3 Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
* Corresponding author. Tel: +31 503618066, Fax: +31 503618062, Email: h.hillege{at}tcc.umcg.nl
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Abstract |
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Aims: The effect of worsening renal function (WRF) after discharge on outcome in patients with heart failure is unknown.
Methods and results: We assessed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine at admission, discharge, and 6 and 12 months after discharge, in 1023 heart failure patients. Worsening renal function was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of >26.5 µmol/L and >25%. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and heart failure admissions. The mean age of patients was 71 ± 11 years, and 62% was male. Mean eGFR at admission was 55 ± 21 mL/min/1.73 m2. In-hospital WRF occurred in 11% of patients, while 16 and 9% experienced WRF from 0 to 6, and 6 to 12 months after discharge, respectively. In multivariate landmark analysis, WRF at any point in time was associated with a higher incidence of the primary endpoint: hazard ratio (HR) 1.63 (1.10–2.40), P = 0.014 for in-hospital WRF, HR 2.06 (1.13–3.74), P = 0.018 for WRF between 0–6 months, and HR 5.03 (2.13–11.88), P < 0.001 for WRF between 6–12 months.
Conclusion: Both in- and out-hospital worsening of renal function are independently related to poor prognosis in patients with heart failure, suggesting that renal function in heart failure patients should be monitored long after discharge.
Key Words: Worsening renal function • Heart failure • Prognosis
Received March 11, 2009; Revised June 17, 2009; Accepted June 24, 2009